ORAL HYGIENE


The oral hygiene session removes plaque and tartar (calcified plaque), the main risk factors in the development of caries and periodontal disease. Present restorations are checked and polished that could become retainers of plaque (overhanging fillings). The patient is instructed about the correct use of subsidies of oral hygiene at home and motivated to use these methods to prevent the onset of these diseases. The oral hygiene session is performed by a qualified dental hygienist , using ultrasound, curettes and polishing pastes and is advised, unless otherwise indicated, at least twice a year, to maintain a healthy state lasting.


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CONSERATIVE


The aim of restorative dentistry is to maintain teeth through the reconstruction of the parts of dentine and enamel lost due to cavities or trauma. Modern restorative dentistry is based on the principle of mini invasive procedure in order to remove selectively the decay and rebuild the tooth with restorative material. These materials are mimetic and maintain the colour of the tooth reinforcing its structure. Restorations can be performed directly (one appointment) or indirectly (two appointments and involves the dental laboratory). According to the size of the restoration one or the other technique is chosen. When teeth are severely damaged it is mandatory to take an impression: the lab will then produce an overlay which will then be cemented.


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FISSURE SEALING


The chewing surfaces of molars and premolars have deep ruts where plaque can infiltrate and remain trapped bactria. Considering the fact that these teeth erupt at an age when sugar consumption is high and an insufficient oral hygiene procedure is frequent. The sealant is a special resin which is applied within the fissures and prevents penetration of the plaque bacteria. The sealing of the grooves is a fast, painless and economical treatment which provides a great benefit. The application is strongly recommended in childhood, it lasts several years and must be repeated when the layer of sealant is consumed.


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WHITENING


With this safe and effective practice you can create a more pleasant and brighter smile. Having a smile with bright, white shiny teeth can improv and gives a better overall appearance of a person. Smiles and teeth are among the first things you notice when communicating with others, they become ones business card, which helps to enhance the entire individual. It is not the enamel that determines tooth colour, in fact the enamel is translucent and reveals the colour of the underlying dentin. In time, however, the glaze can become discolored by absorbtion of pigments from food and beverages. The teeth therefore lose their original brilliance. Current progress in cosmetic dentistry may restore the tooth to the original colour and brightness. It uses a bleaching gel that does not damage the enamel and does not affect the integrity of the teeth.


ENDODONTICS


Endodontics takes care of the tissues that are inside the tooth and form the dental pulp (nerve). When due to a caries, bacteria reach the pulp, this ignites and causes pain, the so-called “toothache.” The nerve inflammation, can spread into the bone causing injuries such as abscesses and granulomas. Treatment consists of root canal or “root canal” by which you remove the tissue necrosis, replacing it with special materials. It consists of the complete cleansing and instrumentation of each channel that is then shaped in order to make it possible to complete the filling with an inert material and sealant (the guttapercha). In some cases, the endodontist has to revise outdated treatments that have lost their effectiveness by making the reprocessing of channels already treated. The devitalized tooth becomes less elastic compared to a vital tooth, therefore, in the presence of stress or excessive loads it is exposed to the risk of fracture and in general this mainly occurs in posterior teeth. For this reason, when a tooth has undergone endodontic treatment ,is recommended subsequent reconstruction with a pin abutment glass fiber or carbon fiber and a ceramic crown in order to reconstruct the entire occlusal surface.


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DIGITAL RADIOLOGY


The use of digital X-ray systems allows to obtain a simple ,precise and safe diagnosis. After just a few seconds fast, high quality digital quality results are displayed on the monitor. Through automatic archiving of images on the patient’s record card on a PC,this ensures excellent safety of data and a fast and efficient work flow. In the future there will only be optimal radiography and no wrong exposure. With such detail you can immediately perform a suitable diagnosis. The digital images, in addition, can also be post-processed. Filters for brightness and contrast, enlarged display and measurement of lengths and angles help to get a personalized view of the image. Simply safe. Radiation exposure is a daily problem that concerns both staff and patients. Digital radiology significantly reduces radiation exposure up to 30% for the panoramic radiography, up to 70% for cephalometric and even up to 90% for intra-oral radiographs. This means greater health protection. Digital radiology can explain to the patient a need for treatment by viewing the radiological image on the monitor thereby improving communication. Digital radiology is environmentally friendly because it uses no chemicals and is therefore clean in every aspect. You no longer need to use developers and this eliminates the danger of misuse of chemicals and their disposal.


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FIXED PROSTHETICS


The specialty of dentistry that deals with the restoration of the functional and aesthetic severly compromised teeth by using artifacts that meet the requirements of functionality, strength, safety and aesthetics. This type of prosthesis is performed in the laboratory by specialized dental technicians. These prostheses that are cemented on specially prepared teeth (abutments) or implants inserted into the bone. These implants are made of different materials, according to needs. The internal structure of the prosthesis can usually be gold, entirely covered with ceramic which gives hardness, gloss and transparency. It is also possible to achieve full ceramic crowns (metal-free) to obtain the best aesthetic results or to use new, very rresistant materials but with more natural aesthetic characteristics such as zirconia or alumina.


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REMOVABLE PROSTHETICS


It is the specialty of dentistry that deals with the restoration of the functional and aesthetic severely compromised teeth through the use of artifacts that meet the requirements of functionality, strength, safety and aesthetics and that are performed in the laboratory by a specialized dental. It includes all those devices that replace teeth that are no longer present. The dentures are placed on the dental arch in the absence of teeth, while the cast frame is anchored to the remaining teeth with hooks or attatchments. The removable prosthesis must be removed to perform daily hygiene and checked periodically. To improve the stability of the removable total prosthesis(dentures) implants can be inserted into the bone to which the prosthesis is hooked.


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PORCELAIN VENEERS


The Aesthetic Dentistry aims to create porcelain veneers that are integrated into the patient’s mouth so that they are indistinguishable from natural teeth. The realization of such artifacts implies a particular skill and diligence by the dentist who is assisted by a dental technician who is highly specialized in this field. Porcelain veneers are thin ceramic plates which are cemented to the outer surface of the front teeth. The teeth that receive a facet are slightly prepared to make room for ceramics. Porcelain veneers have a variety of information: malformed teeth, fractured teeth, increased space between the teeth (diastema), worn teeth of adult patients because of the function, discolored teeth where whitening treatment results not very effective. Porcelain veneers are therefore an excellent treatment in all cases in which an improvement in shape and color of the teeth is desired, increasing the patient’s pleasure to smile freely.


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IMPLANTOLOGY


Implantology is the discipline that deals with the replacement of teeth by the insertion of titanium screws in the bone called IMPLANTS that integrate fully with our body tissues. Implants are artificial roots that ripristineno a solid and lasting basis on which to place a new tooth. There are various cases resolvable with implantology: from a single tooth (without the need to alter the adjacent natural teeth), to a small bridge (eliminating the need for a partial mobile denture ), to the restoration of an arch which is completely without teeth, reconstituting the heritage of lost teeth in a similar manner to the natural one. The plants are then shown in the replacement of missing teeth or to schedule a removable prosthesis. They are made of titanium, a widespread metal used in surgery for its biological neutrality that ensures the body’s acceptance. The surface is treated to enhance the possibility of OSSEOINTEGRATION (integration in the bone). The REJECTION in implant dentistry IS NON-EXISTANT, there being no possibility of adverse immunological reaction. Today, where possible, we try to use in implantology IMMEDIATE USE to allow the patient to go out after a single dental session, with screwed in teeth on newly inserted implants.


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MINIMAL-INVASIVE IMPLANTOLOGY


Mini-invasive Implantology involves the insertion of implants of a smaller diameter compared to the conventional ones. They are indicated in patients already with total mobile prosthetic and who have, over time, lost bone support. These screws are inserted without affecting the gums and allow you to immediately fix the denture which has become unstable over time. It is a quick and painless treatment that is resolved with a short session and is therefore also suitable for older people.


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IMMEDIATE LOAD IMPLANTS


The innovative surfaces of contact implants and retentive geometries have made the immediate loading of new implants possible, giving the patient a full functionality and excellent aesthetics immediately after the operating phase. When the patient has a sufficiently attached gingiva in the edentulous site, you can run the placement of implants without incisions with scalpels and open a flap, without injury and without sutures. This flapless surgery technique allows the patient to have an immediate resumption of social activities, limiting the postoperative inflammation and avoiding the hassle and embarrassment of swelling and bruising. In recent years they have developed more reliable diagnostic methods and detailed information to help you perform a precise planning of surgery, ensuring maximum patient safety and improved care of aesthetics. This is made possible by virtual computer reconstruction of the bone anatomy of the patient, obtained by re computer scans of a CAT scan. Working on three-dimensional images implant placement can be simulated on the computer to find the ideal location for that specific rehabilitation.


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PERIODONTOLOGY


Periodontology deals with the periodontal tissues and related diseases. The periodontium is the combination of the soft tissues (periodontal ligament and gums) and hard parts(cementum and alveolar bone) surrounding the tooth ensuring stability in the arch in health conditions. Periodontics, is also involved in diseases affecting the periodontium, these are generically called periodontal disease or periodontitis, or periodontal disease (historical term still used today). The first stage of inflammation, gingivitis, if not treated appropriately can progress and worsen evolving irreversibly into periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis suffer, if not treated, the progressive loss of the supporting tissue of the teeth resulting in tooth mobility. With periodontics periodontal pocket situations, bone defects and aesthetic problems such as gum recession are resolved.


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SURGERY OF GINGIVAL RECESSION


The term gingival recession is commonly referred to as the shift in the apical direction (towards the root) of the gingival margin with root exposure. The most frequent cause is an incorrect oral hygiene due to the use of a stiff bristle brush in a horizontal direction; that traumatizes the exposed areas and cleans the interdental areas insufficiently. The most exposed areas are the canine-premolar region, the area of aximum curvature of the dental arch. In this anatomical site roots are not protected by bone, more subtle or even absent. Other areas subject to root exposure are those of the lower incisors and the first molars. It is frequent in the left side area for right-handed people and right side area for left-handed people due to stronger brushing and persistence during oral hygiene at home. Mucogingival surgery is to solve important problems of appearance of the smile such as the gingival recession, through microsurgery, to reposition the gum in the correct place and increases the thickness by gingival connective tissue grafts.


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DENTAL SURGERY


Oral surgery deals with elements of dental extractions, root residues,impacted teeth or semi-included into the bone; removal of the apex of the tooth involved in inflammatory processes that can not be treated with the sole endodontics, removal of cysts and small tumors of the oral cavity, the maxillary sinus floor elevation by grafting implant bio-materials . The extraction is recommended when teeth are no longer maintainable, or in the case of badly positioned or included wisdom teeth(dysodontiasis). The main reasons for requiring the extraction can be varied: deep caries that irreversibly compromise the tooth, inability to maintain the necessary hygiene, skewing eruption, incorrect contact with the other teeth with impairment of the latter. The oral surgery includes implantology and all surgical procedures performed in pre-implant such as bone reconstructive surgery, bone grafts with the patient’s or synthetic bone, regeneration of the guided bone with the membrane.


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ORTHODONTICS


Orthodontics is the particular branch of dentistry that studies the various anomalies of the constitution, development and position of the teeth and jaw bones. The fundamental objectives pursued have not only proper dental alignment, but also a proper chewing function and improved facial aesthetics. Mobile devices are mainly used to change bad habits (eg. Thumb sucking) during childhood. Those functional and orthopedic positively affect the growth and development of the arches and jaws acting both on the bone component and muscle, which the fixed appliance cannot do. Fixed appliances are constituted by plates, metallic or ceramic (more aesthetic)plates, lingually or externally applied to the teeth. The most innovative technique is the Damon method that allows superior and more efficient results than the conventional ones. Patients with higher aesthetic requirements can choose the treatment with transparent masks (INVISALIGN) favoring a less worrying and embarrassing daily routine.


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GNATHOLOGY


A “disharmony” in the occlusion teeth can produce significant damage to teeth, the joints of the jaw, neck, head, and even the back. To get the teeth to fit properly together, it is sometimes necessary to reshape their surfaces to eliminate bad contact, an operation called selective grinding. When it is impossible to understand on which to teeth take action, you use a resin, a release bite, which prevents the teeth to come into contact, thus promoting the relaxation of the mastication muscles. In the past it was believed that an imperfect bite or a poorly positioned jaw were the sole cause of joint problems, but today there is a tendency to believe that the problems of “chewing” are due to many factors Occasionally you may experience pain or noise in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles associated with it, along with the limitations of the opening, headaches or earache. Several factors are responsible for these symptoms, some related to the Central Nervous System other consequential to a joint disease (arthritis), or following a trauma, even from previous years. The most common causes of TMJ disorders are: – chronic tension of the masticatory muscles, which lead to clenching or grinding of the teeth; – An abnormal posture of the jaw while it is in function, at rest or during sleep. The severity of symptoms can be worsened by stress, bad moods and stress. Muscle tension in the neck and shoulders are also often correlated to pain and contractions in the district face.


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ANESTHESIOLOGY


Conscious sedation implemented by the anesthetist (specialist), is a technique that allows to obtain a state between wakefulness and sleep through the administration of drugs that act on the nervous system. A patient that is particularly anxious or that has to undergo oral surgery can use the possibility of sitting under dental sedation. By choosing the most suitable anesthetic technique one is able to maintain a state of sedation with minimum risk for the patient who will remain conscious and cooperative and be able to independently manage reflexes such as breathing, swallowing and coughing in a relaxed state without anxiety and without memories (anterograde amnesia).


TC CONE BEAM 3D IMAGING


The method CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography), has revolutionized dental and maxillo facial radiological diagnosis by making 3D reconstructions of the anatomical structures examined available. The Cone Beam 3D is a radiological technique of CT scan used to capture data and images of a specific volume of the maxillo facial. Thanks to a specific and powerful developing software, this technique provides diagnostic images on the three planes of space by exposing the patient to relatively low radiation doses. This technology is considered to be “Gold Standard” by implantologists, orthodontists, periodontists and maxillofacial surgeons in patient care. The CB3D is the latest generation of equipment for radiological imaging in dentistry and combines the features of other techniques, now well established as the Orthopantomography (Overview) and x-rays of the skull in lateral-lateral and posterior-anterior, to use cephalometric , representations that are directly achievable with the application software. Oral Surgery has proved to be invaluable in the planning of avulsion of teeth both in adults and in children. In oncology it allows you to define the extension of processes of expansion and impairments anatomically vital. Implantology 3D images emphasize the density of cortical bone, the cancellous bone, the positioning of the inferior alveolar nerve and mental foramen. These images influence the choice of the type of implant to be used, its positioning and width, and the considerations of the speed of the osseointegration process Orthodontics Conversely equipment for Orthopantomography and Teleradiography that provide 2D data can not be further explored, the cone beam radiology, based on three-dimensional acquisitions, produces different types of images that are more precise than those produced by the 2D X-ray or a traditional CT scan. Consequently, the cephalometric tracing may be generated confidently. ATM Cone Beam equipment leads to a new qualitative and quantitative representation of the temporomandibular joint. Sagittal and coronal provide a good representation of the joint space and allow the identification of possible diseases. Endodontics-Perio These fields of application require images with extremely high quality, to define the structure of the tooth, to determine the exact pathology and accurately plan an effective treatment. Only a thorough examination of the area of ​​interest will make the dentist aware of the less invasive and more suitable action to be taken. ENT Cone Beam CT is the highest quality regarding examinations ENT. In fact it is possible to clearly see all airways, ear structures, the ATM and sinuses. Most of the tests carried out using the conventional CT can be realized, with better results, even with the Cone Beam highlighting a greater number of details and decreasing the patient’s exposure to X-rays.


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